The days between Thanksgiving and the New Year can be a dizzying haze. Outside your window, you see lights wrap around decorated houses, their brightness compensating for an early setting sun. It reminds you of home, where savoury and sweet scents saturate the air from early afternoon until late in the night—hot chocolate, fresh rice, aunty’s curry, and whatever everyone is bringing for the family party. Any other time of the year you would jump at the opportunity to visit family, but you feel a weight press against your chest. You feel dread as you stare at the gifts and money packets you prepared for all your nieces and nephews. An uninviting winter chill penetrates your bones. You can’t get out of bed. Everything feels like an attack to your senses. You ignore your parents’ calls.
As an Asian living in the US, it can be difficult to take the impact of these experiences seriously. If you were brought up in a culture that stigmatizes mental health and prioritizes stoicism, it might seem silly to not be able to get over things so inconsequential. You think: it’s probably the winter blues or stress. But it might be something else you’ve heard others talk about: Seasonal Affective Disorder.
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?
Seasonal Affective Disorder is a “recurrent mood disorder in which depressive episodes regularly begin in one season and remit in another season” (Kasof, 2009, p. 79). Commonly referred to as “SAD,” it also goes by other names, including “seasonal depression” and “winter depression.” Approximately 5% of people living in the United States experience SAD (Mental Health America, n.d.).
Though it is often associated with fall and winter months (termed winter-SAD), SAD has also been observed in the spring and summer months (termed summer-SAD) (Kasof, 2009, p. 79). Symptoms for winter-SAD include loss of drive and energy, prolonged sleep, increased food intake (Rothenberg et al., 2004, p. 209), among others. Summer-SAD can also manifest in a similar fashion, though for those managing bipolar disorders, spring and summer months may also see manic or hypomanic episodes (American Psychiatric Association, 2013 via Rothenberg et al., 2004, p. 209).
Who is at risk for Seasonal Affective Disorder?
Though SAD is aptly named after its main diagnostic characteristic, several studies shine light on factors that correlate with its occurrence. Studies have looked at patterns that factor in geography, climate and culture, and found that people are possibly more at risk if they:
Have moved to a new country within the past 10 years (Kurata et al., 2016, p. 7)
Are already experiencing mental distress (Saheer et al., 2013, p. 241)
Live in high latitude (non-equatorial) areas with limited exposure to sunlight (Haggarty et al., 2002, p. 382; Kurata et al., 2016, p. 6; Stewart et al., 2014, p. 518)
For many in the Asian American community, these risk factors are common aspects of lived experiences. According to the Pew Research Center, 54% of 24 million Asian Americans living in the U.S. immigrated to the country (Tian et al., 2024). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health (n.d.) states that 10.2% of the Asian American population over the age of 18 experienced serious psychological distress in 2023 – a big jump from 1.9% in 2018.
Culturally informed practices to protect against Seasonal Affective Disorder
Being in community and maintaining socializing activities (Kurata et al., 2016, p. 7), exercising, and being outdoors (Rothenberg et al., 2024, pp. 216-217) have been observed to provide benefits for those experiencing SAD. While studies around SAD often focus on treating geographic and climate factors through increased sun exposure through travel and light therapies (Rothenberg et al., 2024, p. 214), these solutions are not 100% effective and may not be accessible for those with limited resources.
Cultural factors were consistent considerations in studies, often referring to the impact cultural and social norms have over the perception of mental health and treatment. While it is important to not self-diagnose, solutions can be hard to find if the problem can’t be recognized in the first place. Identifying, understanding and being able to articulate your experiences can help with finding the right support. Choosing to work with a culturally-sensitive professional can make a huge impact, especially at times of crisis.
This is why we at AMHC emphasize the importance of ensuring diversity in therapeutic practice. For those looking to connect to an Asian therapist, we’ve compiled a list of practitioners across America in our directory.
For those in need, we also run applications throughout the year for free therapy sessions through our Lotus Therapy Fund.
Bodden, S., Lorimer, H., Parr, H., & Williams, C. (2024). SAD geographies: Making light matter. Progress in Human Geography, 48(5), 595-613. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325241252846
Boldschmied, J. R., Palermo, E., Sperry, S., Burgess, H. J., McCarthy, M., Yocum, A., McInnis, M., & German, P. (2025). Seasonal variation in mood among individuals with and without bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 369, 1131-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.101
Chen, Z., Zhang, X., & Tu, Z. (2024). Treatment measures for seasonal affective disorder: A network meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 350, 531-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.028
Haggarty, J. M., Cernovsky, Z., Husni, M., Minor, K., Kermeen, P., & Merskey, H. (2002). Seasonal affective disorder in an Arctic community. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavica, 105(5), 378-384. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.1o185.x
Jack, R. H., Joseph, R. M., Hollis, C., Hippisley-Cox, J., Butler, D., Waldram, D., & Coupland, C. (2023). Seasonal trends in antidepressant prescribing, depression, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents and young adults: an open cohort study using English primary care data. BMJ Mental Health, 26(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2023-300855
Kasof, J. (2009). Cultural variation in seasonal depression: Cross-national differences in winter versus summer patterns of seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 115(1-2), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.09.004
Kurata, Y., Izawa, S., & Nomura, S. (2016). Seasonality in mood and behaviours of Japanese residents in high-latitude regions: transnational cross-sectional study. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 10:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-016-0084-2
Rothenberg, M., Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Pjrek, E., & Winkler, D. (2024). Lifestyle modification as intervention for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 174, 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.053
Saheer, T. B., Lien, L., Hauff, E., & Kumar, B. N. (2013). Ethnic differences in seasonal affective disorder and associated factors among five immigrant groups in Norway. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(1), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.086
Stewart, A. E., Roecklein, K. A., Tanner, S., & Kimlin, M. G. (2014). Possible contributions of skin pigmentation and vitamin D in a polyfactorial model of seasonal affective disorder. Medical Hypotheses, 83(5), 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2014.09.010
Suhail, K. & Cochrane, R. (1997). Seasonal changes in affective state in samples of Asian and white women. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32(3), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00794614
Suhail, K. & Cochrane, R. (1998). Seasonal variations in hospital admissions for affective disorders by gender and ethnicity. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33(5), 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050045
Quarantined in my apartment, afraid to even get groceries, I was powerless. I was glued to my bed, just watching the hours pass by. My body craved social interaction and connection, but all I had was a laptop screen. I shouldn’t be resting, I need to be producing.The guilt of even taking a moment to rest seemed overwhelming. I just needed to get through whichever project or assignment I was working on, and then, only then, could I give myself permission to rest. To me, rest was a reward, not a necessity. My body was telling me I needed rest, but my brain was telling me I was worthless if I did. There was such intense shame attached to the simple act of pausing to catch my breath. The cognitive dissonance was eating away at me, and it eventually left me frozen in fear. I, along with so many others, was burned out.
The term burnout was coined by American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger to describe the consequences of severe stress and high standards in helping professionals, such as nurses, doctors, therapists, and more. Today, we describe burnout as a state of emotional, mental, and often physical exhaustion brought on by prolonged or repeated stress. Sound familiar? In the midst of a global pandemic and mass uncertainty, I kept lying to myself that “I just need to get through today” or “I just need to get through this week” or “this month” or “the rest of this year” to push through. I just need that little bit of extra motivation to finish graduate school, volunteer for the Asian Mental Health Collective (AMHC) and be there for my family, or for work, and then I will finally rest. Pushing myself past my known limits was all I ever knew. Growing up as a Chinese-American, I was taught that my performance and results depended on my work ethic. Lack of achievement was only due to laziness and unwillingness to work hard, and the responsibility was mine to keep striving to be better. When I was in college, I competitively swam 20 hours a week, juggled two part-time jobs, chaired three clubs, and had a social life. I was able to do it all–so why couldn’t I do even a fraction of this work now?
With our world flipped upside down, so many of us struggled to find a new rhythm, routine, and balance. Perfection was no longer the standard and survival became the norm. Outside of essential workers, Zoom meetings, working from home, and infrequent outings became our way of life. Being social was no longer a luxury. In the past, I used productivity as an excuse (or coping mechanism) to ignore my anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. Distraction through productivity, if you will. And suddenly, all the structure was torn away from me. No longer being able to predict what was going to happen next, nor be prepared for it, the perfectionist in me was quite literally screaming. To me, my worth was completely dependent on my ability to produce. Even when given the opportunity to rest and pause, I had no clue how to be okay with myself.
American society wants us to earn our living, earn our keep, earn the right to live somewhere rather than acknowledge that we deserve to live even if we are not constantly producing. For many, the pressure of productivity goes deeper than capitalistic tenants. Being a child of immigrants and a victim of the model minority myth is a deadly mix. Ever try to complain about your life when your mom literally survived the Cultural Revolution and used to dig through trash to avoid starvation? Yeah, me neither. Being raised by parents who have sacrificed everything can make our problems seem so small and insignificant. And not only do our problems seem minuscule, but they also add an immense sense of responsibility. So yeah, my mom was able to move across the globe, get her Ph.D. in Chemistry, write her thesis in English (her second language), and here I am currently getting a C+ in Geometry? Some investment I was! As a child, the pressure to succeed to validate my parents’ decision to leave their lives behind was immense, suffocating, and unrealistic at best.
Perfectionism, productivity, and high expectations come at Asian-Americans from all angles. Our parents desperately want to see us succeed, our peers believe that our race is the reason we succeed, yet college admissions write off our successes as a disqualifier rather than a product of our hard work or our environment. The model minority stereotype (also called the model minority myth) is a perception of Asian students as perfect: inherently highly intelligent, capable, respectful, and hardworking. The model minority myth is a deadly double-edged sword that harms everyone. Not only is it used to justify mistreatment of other Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC), it is also used as a tool to overlook and to gloss over Asian-American success as some sort of guaranteed fact. The model minority myth leaves Asians with no room to struggle, no room to ask for help, and no room for error.
In the midst of it all, I somehow made it through the 2020-2021 academic year. After endless online courses, papers, and projects–in June 2021, I graduated with my Master’s in Social Work from the University of Chicago. My greatest accomplishment? Surviving. I did not walk away with academic honors, athletic honors, nor did I chair any clubs. I was not a spectacular student, nor did I give a speech as valedictorian of my class. I was, for the first time in my life, just average. And what a feeling that was. To simply be proud to walk across the stage at graduation knowing that through all of my mental health struggles, imposter syndrome, the pandemic, and more seemed like a small yet monumental step for me. I did what I used to think was the bare minimum, and there I was holding my degree in my hands.
As Asian-Americans, we need to start making our “bare minimum” our norm. We need to relieve ourselves of the responsibility to always be perfect. Let’s start normalizing our struggles, our pain, our grief, our joy, our rest, our off-days, and our good days. It’s time for us to show the world that Asians can be loud, imperfect, angry, rude, tired, sad, happy, and all of the above at the same time. It’s time for the Asian-American community to rest. We have endured generations of both covert and overt xenophobia and racism delivered through policy, street violence, and exile. In the past year, we have been labeled a virus, witnessing Asian-owned businesses go under, and watching in horror while Asian elders were attacked, and even murdered. We are carrying generations of expectations, responsibilities, and hope on our shoulders. Instead of working ourselves even harder, the most radical thing we can do right now is to rest without belittling ourselves and invalidating our human needs. We are imperfect, we are human. We don’t need to justify why we exist or earn our existence, we already do by being alive.
As a queer Asian-American woman, I constantly think about the ways in which my racial identity has impacted my mental health. It’s why I started working with subtle asian mental health and the Asian Mental Health Collective. It’s why I surround myself with other Asian people to create spaces and opportunities to connect with our mental health. It’s why I work to address systems in our society and community to bridge the disparities that I see around mental health conversations. Ironically, this writing took me over three months. I wanted to be completely candid and honest with you all about my experience with burnout, rest, and wrestling with my Asian identity during the pandemic. And I am telling you all of this because visibility matters around this topic. If you are reading this because you are doom scrolling or procrastinating on something, know that you have survived every one of your hardest days so far, and I am so proud of you. I say this to you so that I also say this to myself because damn, it can be so hard to be kind to ourselves.
Asking for Help 101
Feeling burnt out but don’t know how to ask for help or where to start?Allow me, a recovering perfectionist and Type A personality, to introduce a few ways to set healthy boundaries with your supervisor, professor, parents, and more:
Ask for extensions YES, I know. Asking is the hardest part, but so worth it. Admitting you need more time, more resources, or even another team member to assist with your task gives your supervisor, professor, or parents know where you are at and how to adjust to your needs. Ask for alternative ways to make up the assignment, points, or project, or where you can make up some ground.
Schedule meetings with professors/supervisors One of my greatest regrets in college was that I didn’t let more professors know where I was mentally. I’m sure that it was obvious in my behaviors (always tired, falling asleep in class, fidgeting, checking the clock every 3 minutes, and more), but as a supervisor or professor, it is always helpful to be clued into how your students or workers are feeling or doing. Office hours aren’t just to ask questions about class, it is often a time where a professor gets to check in with a student about how they are doing.
Disclose you are struggling Tell your supervisor, professor, parents that you are struggling to complete the assignment. More than likely your professor or supervisor will offer up resources or office hours to meet with you and give you the tools needed to finish the assignment on time or even offer an extension.
Look at Disability Accommodations at your university/workplace Yes, this does exist. Check your syllabi, because there should be a disability status section in your syllabus indicating what action steps need to be taken to receive accommodations. If you are someone struggling with your mental health, it’s worth it to ask your professor, your university, or your HR department about what they offer for students/workers regarding resources and accommodations. Some universities and workplaces may need to see proof of diagnosis in order to qualify for accommodations but may still be able to provide resources. Check out a few of these resources below regarding accommodations:
See if therapy is covered by your university health insurance/work health insurance Many universities offer counseling services, telehealth options, support groups, and more. Student health insurance plans also may have a mental health plan available at an affordable cost. Additionally, some employers provide access to a set number of free therapy sessions every year through employee assistance programs (EAPs). If neither of these resources works for you, The Asian Mental Health Collective also has an Asian Therapist Directory for both the United States and Canada and shows therapists that offer sliding scale cost therapy.
Find your community in person or online Surround yourself with positive, like-minded Asian people. Growing up in a white neighborhood, I felt isolated and othered. But after immersing myself in my community both in-person and online in groups like subtle asian mental health, I realized how much more to my Asian identity and culture there was than just being a good student. Find role models and connect with people who will accept you for your whole self, struggles, and all. Your university may offer affinity clubs to be a part of–don’t pass these opportunities up! We thrive in communities where we feel safe to be ourselves.
I want you to start small and remember all of the times people came to you for help. Why not extend the same kindness and support to yourself that you do to others? This is an incomplete list of how to set boundaries with both yourself and those around you, and your sign to allow yourself to be human. I know it is hard to be kind to ourselves, especially with the way many of us were raised and taught, but we are on this journey together. Thank you for reading.
